Ghana has been ranked 9th among African countries with the highest levels of outstanding debt to China, according to new data from Boston University’s Global Development Policy Center.

As of the latest assessment, Ghana owes China approximately US$6.1 billion. The ranking is based on loan agreements signed between African nations and China between 2000 and 2023.

At the top of the list is Angola, with a massive US$46 billion in outstanding loans. It is followed by Ethiopia (US$14.5 billion), Egypt (US$9.7 billion), Kenya (US$9.6 billion), and Nigeria (US$9.6 billion), occupying the 2nd to 5th positions, respectively.

Rounding out the top 10 are:


  • Zambia – US$9.5 billion


  • South Africa – US$6.9 billion


  • Sudan – US$6.3 billion


  • Ghana – US$6.1 billion


  • Cameroon – US$5.9 billion

The report highlights China’s growing financial footprint in Africa over the past two decades, primarily driven by loans aimed at funding large-scale infrastructure projects, including roads, railways, and energy facilities.

While these investments have significantly contributed to development efforts across the continent, they have also raised concerns about debt sustainability, repayment capacity, and the potential erosion of economic sovereignty among heavily indebted countries.

Experts say the growing reliance on Chinese credit underscores the need for more transparent loan terms and balanced fiscal strategies to ensure long-term economic stability.