A University of Surrey study reveals why climate change is making the spread of salmonella more common, linking rising temperatures and changing weather patterns to increased outbreaks.
Climate Change and Rising Salmonella Risks
A new scientific study has found that climate change is creating the perfect conditions for salmonella outbreaks to become more frequent. Researchers say warmer temperatures and shifting weather patterns are significantly increasing the risks of the stomach bacteria, which is already one of Europe’s leading causes of foodborne illness.
The findings, published in the Journal of Infection, suggest that as the planet continues to heat, salmonella outbreaks could become a growing public health challenge.
Why Climate Change is Making the Spread of Salmonella More Common
The research, led by the University of Surrey’s School of Veterinary Medicine, examined the relationship between weather conditions and salmonella cases across England and Wales. The team compared data from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) between 2000 and 2016 with detailed weather records from the Met Office.
By analysing 14 different weather factors, scientists discovered that certain conditions—such as temperatures above 10°C, higher relative humidity, a dew point between 7°C and 10°C, and longer daylight hours—were consistently linked to spikes in salmonella cases, regardless of region.
Salmonella: A Persistent Global Health Threat
Salmonella bacteria are found in the intestines of humans and animals and can contaminate food when hygiene standards are not properly maintained. The infection, known as salmonellosis, can cause diarrhoea, fever, and abdominal pain.
In Europe, salmonella is responsible for almost one in three cases of foodborne illness, making it a major public health concern. Outbreaks are especially common in areas with poor sanitation and inadequate food safety practices.
Findings Confirmed Beyond the UK
To test the reliability of their model, researchers also analysed salmonella data from the Netherlands. The results mirrored those from England and Wales, reinforcing the link between specific weather patterns and increased infection rates.
Dr Gianni Lo Iacono, lecturer in biostatistics and epidemiology at the University of Surrey, said:
"The model we used to analyse the data is promising, as the findings were replicated in England, Wales and, independently, in the Netherlands, suggesting potential for wider application in other European and high-income countries to gain new insights into salmonella incidence."
He added that further studies in tropical regions with different environmental and socio-economic conditions could provide an even broader understanding.
Preparing for the Future
Dr Laura Gonzalez Villeta, the study’s first author, stressed the importance of adapting public health strategies in light of these findings.
"The study highlights how weather plays an important role in salmonella outbreaks and provides a valuable tool for predicting future risks and adapting interventions, especially in the context of climate change."
As climate change continues to reshape ecosystems and weather patterns, public health experts warn that foodborne illnesses like salmonella could become a more pressing challenge. The ability to forecast risks and implement preventative measures could prove critical in protecting communities from widespread outbreaks.
Climate Change as a Catalyst for Disease
The evidence that climate change is making the spread of salmonella more common underscores the wider impact of global warming on human health. Rising temperatures, longer summers, and unpredictable weather are not only reshaping the environment but also fuelling the conditions for disease outbreaks.
As the world grapples with climate change, health authorities and policymakers face the urgent task of preparing for the growing risks of foodborne infections, ensuring both food safety and public health resilience.
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